Jeré Longman

The Times called him “the world’s most highly regarded forensic criminologist,” but later in his career he faced accusations that he had hidden and fabricated evidence.

With her bright leotards and soothing, welcoming tone, she helped to demystify a discipline that many Americans in the 1970s viewed as a counterculture practice.

In 1964, he was one of the first three African Americans to compete in wrestling at the Games. He went on to have a distinguished coaching career.

She revolutionized women’s sprinting with her speed and flamboyant fashion sense, and was a three-time gold medalist at the 1988 Summer Olympics.

A runner, coach and best-selling author, he created the widely embraced run-walk-run method, which helped make running more accessible to the public.

She was a ubiquitous presence at London theaters and claimed to have inspired the name — and final words — of Tennessee Williams’s Blanche DuBois.

Drawing on his love of fly-fishing, he developed a balloon catheter that removes blood clots from patients’ limbs in a minimally invasive way. It has saved millions of lives.

A founder of Cannondale, he was among the first in the U.S. to mass-produce bikes frames out of large-diameter aluminum tubes, replacing heavier steel.

In an upset victory over China at the 1984 Olympics, he and five others became the only American men ever to win the gold medal in the gymnastics team competition.

An outbreak of diphtheria inspired a celebrated sled dog relay of nearly 700 miles to deliver lifesaving serum to the remote town of Nome.